Luckily, it really couldn’t be quicker or easier to improve the discoverability and reusability of your article by including machine-readable structure files or identifiers. The less time we have to spend re-drawing structures from pdfs, the more time we can devote to doing science. Press Ctrl+K, then select SMILES or InChI from the Copy As pop-upįrom the top menu, choose Edit > Copy As and select SMILES or InChI from the pop-upįinally, paste your SMILES or InChI into your document or spreadsheet. Right click, and choose Molecule > Copy As > SMILES or InChIįrom the top menu, choose Tools > Generate > SMILES Notation or InChI for Structure Avogadroįrom the top menu, choose Edit > Copy As > SMILES or InChIįrom the top menu, choose Edit > Copy As > Daylight SMILES or IUPAC InChI Start by selecting the structure you would like to copy as SMILES or InChI. The V3000 mol file has some extra features, but is not universally supported, so it is advised that you use V2000 mol format to ensure maximum interoperability. If there is more than one option, please be aware that V2000 mol format is more common and is supported by all cheminformatics software packages. Please note: There may be more than one molfile format listed in the dropdown. Select “MDL Molfile”, “MDL SDFile”, or “.mol” or “.sdf” in the dropdown. They generally follow the same steps:Ĭhoose File > Save As from the top menu OR press Ctrl+Shift+S. Save as MOL fileĪll major structure drawing packages can save structures as MOL files. Including these files or identifiers in your article or supplementary information helps make your article indexable and structure-searchable, and is a great way to make your article stand out. If you’re already drawing a structure for an article you are preparing to submit, it only takes a few seconds to generate machine-readable mol files or structure identifiers like SMILES or InChI. They exist as formula units, where the ions are arranged such that the positive ions are adjacent to the negative ions in a repeating three-dimensional pattern.Interested in making your article more discoverable and usable? As a reader, you have probably spent a lot of time re-drawing structures from an image in a PDF, or have struggled to find all relevant articles because your compound of interest is called by different names in different articles (IUPAC name, trivial name, registry number, drug development ID, generic name, brand name, revised trivial name etc etc etc…). These compounds do not exist as molecules. As you can see, Cl – now has 8 valence electrons in its highest occupied energy level (3s 23p 6).Īlthough some atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds and others transfer electrons to form ionic bonds, these bonds are still similar in strength because they both involve a force of attraction between unlike charges.Ĭompounds that are formed as a result of ionic bonding are usually called ionic compounds. Similarly, after Cl receives an electron, its electron configuration becomes: 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 6). As you can tell, Na + now has 8 valence electrons in its highest occupied energy level (2s 22p 6). How an ionic bond is formedĪfter Na loses an electron, its electron configuration becomes: 1s 22s 22p 6. Let’s use the models below to explain how sodium chloride is made. For instance, it takes much less energy for a sodium atom to give away its valence electron to achieve an octet than it is to share or receive electrons from another atom to achieve it. It takes much less energy for metals to give away electrons. Why does it form between metals and nonmetals? The metals usually have low ionization energy, while the nonmetals have high electron affinity. Generally, ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals. Chemists, however, call this electrostatic force an ionic bond. Since opposite charges attract, the sodium and chloride ions will be held together by a strong attractive force called an electrostatic force. For example, when an electron is removed from a neutral sodium atom, the sodium atom becomes a positively charged sodium ion (Na +), and when this electron is transferred to a neutral chlorine atom, the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged chloride ion(Cl –). These oppositely charged ions are usually produced when a metal transfers its electron to a nonmetal. An ionic bond is a force of attraction between a positive and a negative charged ion.
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